马铃薯脱毒微型薯薯粒大小及播深对出苗的影响

研究结果表明，马铃薯脱毒微型薯薯粒大小对出苗的影响程序小于播深；薯粒大小不同，适宜的播深各异，≥２ｇ种薯播深为３．３－１３．３ｃｍ，１－２和０．３－１ｇ种薯以３．３６．７ｍｍ为宜，≤０．３ｇ种薯墒情好时以３．３ｃｍ为宜，干旱时应采用“深开沟，浅覆土”的方法，且覆土不能超过６．７ｃｍ。     

龙眼出现严重小果现象的原因探讨

为探讨龙眼发生严重小果现象的原因,对百色市绿银果场不同坡位、坡向及不同类型发生小果现象的石硖龙眼果树进行调查研究,结果表明,在谢花期间和谢花后8d内如遇上34.1~38.1℃的高温,可能会造成已正常授粉受精的胚胎发育中断,果实严重败育,形成小果;小果现象与树体营养供需矛盾无关。生产上在开花期、谢花期以及谢花后约10d内应密切注意天气预报,如出现34℃以上的高温,应及时采取降温措施,可有效克服败育现象,减少损失。     

氮添加和放牧对云雾山草原优势种异速生长模式的影响

氮添加和放牧是影响草地生态系统结构和功能的重要因素。本研究以宁夏云雾山典型草原为研究对象,采用标准化主轴估计和异速生长分析,探究了氮添加和放牧干扰对草地群落中7种优势植物根、茎、叶不同构件的生物量分配对策和异速生长模式（包括异速生长斜率和截距）的影响。结果表明：在封育地,氮添加处理显著提高了物种的叶生物量;而在放牧地,氮添加则使得物种的根生物量上升,而茎、叶生物量下降;植物各营养器官生物量均随植物个体生物量的增加而增加,且只有在放牧×氮添加处理下植物叶生物量与个体生物量之间的异速生长斜率和截距发生了显著改变,其余处理下植物的异速生长斜率均无明显差异。因此,植物营养器官的生物量分配主要依赖于植物个体大小,而氮添加和放牧对植物异速生长模式的影响相对较小。     

Effects of soybean meal supplementation on ruminal kinetics of feed particle size reduction and passage in dairy cows fed rice straw

Six ruminal-cannulated nonlactating Holstein Friesian cows (mean body weight:660 ± 42.9 kg) were used to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation on voluntary rice straw (RS) intake, feed particle size reduction, and passage kinetics in the rumen. They were allocated to two dietary treatments: RS alone or RS supplemented with SBM. Voluntary dry matter intake of RS and total tract fiber digestibility was increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.05). Supplementation with SBM decreased rumination time per dietary dry matter (DM) and neutral detergent fiber (NDFom) intake (p < 0.01). Particle size distribution in the rumen and total ruminal NDFom digesta weights were not affected by SBM supplementation. However, the disappearance rates of total digesta and large and small particles from the rumen were increased by SBM supplementation (p < 0.01). Moreover, SBM supplementation increased the rate of size reduction in ruminal particles (p < 0.05). In situ disappearance of DM and NDFom of RS in the rumen was greater in SBM-supplemented cows than in nonsupplemented cows (p < 0.05). This study clearly showed that increased ruminal RS particle size reduction, passage, and fermentation due to SBM supplementation accelerated the RS particle clearance from the rumen and resulted in increased voluntary RS intake of dairy cows.     

新疆褐牛不同生长阶段体尺体重的遗传参数估计

试验旨在构建新疆褐牛不同生长阶段体尺体重性状的遗传参数估计模型,估计新疆褐牛生长发育性状的遗传参数,为新疆褐牛育种目标性状的确定和综合选择指数的制定提供理论依据。以1983－2017年收集的4个新疆褐牛核心育种场81头公牛后代的2 504条新疆褐牛体尺体重数据为研究材料,以初生及6、12和18月龄阶段的体重、体高、体斜长和胸围性状为研究对象,通过DMU软件构建多性状动物模型,以场、出生年份、出生季节和性别为固定效应,以加性效应和母体效应为随机效应,估计各性状的遗传力和遗传相关。结果显示,新疆褐牛初生至18月龄阶段体重遗传力估计值为0.22~0.61,体高遗传力估计值为0.43~0.46,体斜长遗传力估计值为0.29~0.52,胸围遗传力估计值为0.35~0.61。相同和不同生长阶段新疆褐牛各体尺体重性状间均呈现正的遗传相关和表型相关,其中相同生长阶段各体尺体重性状间的遗传相关系数为0.11~0.92,表型相关系数为0.05~0.92;不同生长阶段各体尺体重性状间的遗传相关系数为0.08~0.92,表型相关系数为0.01~0.72。18月龄与其他各生长阶段间体尺体重性状的遗传相关系数较高,且均属于中高遗传力性状。因此,在制定新疆褐牛综合选择指数时,应重点考虑18月龄阶段的体尺体重性状,从而进一步提升新疆褐牛生长发育性状的遗传进展。     

基于智能视觉识别的冬枣分选检测系统设计

针对目前我国冬枣人工分选效率低、工人劳动强度大和分级效果不准确等问题,研究一种冬枣智能分选系统。该系统基于Openmv视觉处理技术,以Arduino mega 2560单片机为控制核心,实现对冬枣快速统一的色选及大小分选。经过样机试验数据验证,该系统能够有效地实现冬枣分选功能,单通道分选速度达到60颗/s以上,分选准确率提高至96%以上,漏检和错检概率降低到4%以下,且能够减少用工数量和降低劳动强度,具有良好的推广应用前景。     

乳化剂与内水相镁盐浓度对油包水乳液稳定性的影响

研究并讨论了内水相镁盐与疏水乳化剂PGPR对油包水(W/O)乳液稳定性的影响。制备W/O乳液的油水质量比为3∶2,油相中疏水乳化剂聚甘油蓖麻醇酸酯(PGPR)质量分数为0.5%~2.0%,水相中Mg Cl2·6H2O的质量分数为0~12.0%。采用Turbiscan Lab Expert稳定性分析仪分析了W/O乳液贮藏14 d过程中的整体稳定性。结果表明:在14 d贮藏过程中,液滴的聚沉和沉淀会导致乳液失稳。提高疏水乳化剂PGPR和镁盐的浓度可提高W/O乳液的稳定性。对W/O乳液的粒径分布及油水两相界面特性进行分析,发现W/O乳液稳定的机制在于乳液粒径的减小以及油水界面张力的降低。此外,油水两相界面粘弹性也在一定程度上改善了乳液稳定性,油水界面膜粘弹性随着镁盐浓度的增加呈现先上升后下降的趋势。     

玉米粉碎粒度对21~60日龄江南白鹅生产性能和经济效益的影响

为研究玉米粉碎粒度对21~60日龄江南白鹅生产性能和经济效益的影响,试验选择体重、健康相似的21日龄江南白鹅300只,随机分成2组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只,分别饲喂几何平均粒径为324、595μm的玉米型日粮,试验周期为40 d。结果表明:与细粉组相比,粗粉组江南白鹅日增重和日采食量显著提高(P<0.05),料肉比显著降低(P<0.05),有提高末重的趋势(0.05相似文献   

武定鸡和狄高鸡杂交F1代体尺性状与屠体性能分析

为促进武定鸡的选育,选取武定鸡和狄高鸡进行杂交,分析其杂交F1代的体尺性状与屠体性能,并进行相关性分析和多元回归分析。结果:F1代公鸡体尺性状表型值均高于母鸡,且体斜长、胸宽、龙骨长、髋骨宽、胫长、胫围差异极显著(P<0.01);F1代公鸡除了胸肌率极显著低于母鸡外(P<0.01),其余屠体性能均极显著高于母鸡(P<0.01)。F1代公、母鸡的体斜长、胸宽、胸深、龙骨长、髋骨宽、胫围均高于武定鸡;F1代公鸡屠体性能均高于武定鸡公鸡,其中半净膛率差异显著(P<0.05),活重、屠体重、屠宰率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率差异极显著(P<0.01);F1代母鸡的活重、屠体重极显著高于武定鸡母鸡(P<0.01),胸肌率、腿肌率显著高于武定鸡母鸡(P<0.05)。F1代屠宰性能间有21个极显著正相关(P<0.01),体尺性状间有14个极显著正相关(P<0.01),体尺性状与屠宰性能间有45个极显著正相关(P<0.01)。同时根据F1代体尺性状建立了预测活重、屠体重、半净膛重、全净膛重、胸肌重、腿肌重、翅重的回归方程。     

Annual variation of potential predation impacts on larval and juvenile marbled sole <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae</Emphasis> by sand shrimp <Emphasis Type="Italic">Crangon uritai</Emphasis> in Hakodate Bay,Hokkaido

An investigation was conducted to evaluate the annual variation in potential predation impact (PPI) on larval and juvenile Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae by Crangon uritai in Hakodate Bay using predator-prey size relationships. Laboratory experiments were designed to estimate the favorable prey size of C. uritai through back-calculation of body length (BL) of P. yokohamae from sagittal otolith diameter observed in the stomachs of C. uritai. The most favorable prey-predator size ratio (BL of P. yokohamae-total length (TL) of C. uritai) class was 0.15–0.19, and ranged from 0.12–0.31. There was a significant positive correlation between the BL increase of P. yokohamae and the bottom water temperature in the field, such that BLs stagnated during the cold year of 1999 from April to June, and increased during the warm year of 2002. In contrast, no significant correlation was found between the TL increase of C. uritai and the bottom water temperature. Moreover, there were no significant differences in the mean TL of C. uritai between months (April–June) or years (1998–2002). Variation of PPI depended on the relationships between the growth rates of P. yokohamae and bottom water temperature. Therefore, the warm year of 2002 resulted in higher potential predation impact (PPI≥20), and it was at least 20 days shorter than that of the cold year of 1999. These results suggest that increased bottom water temperature in the nursery area was one of the most important factors for cumulative predation loss.